High-Frequency Italian Verbs With Audios Italian grammar

These 24 High-Frequency Italian Verbs are very important verbs to learn because we use them all the time: in alphabetic order here are some of the most common with audio:

the auxiliary that takes in a compound verb
the English translation
the present tense of the verb
the Past Participle (useful to form a compound verb)

ABITARE

General Info

The verb “abitare” is a regular verb in Italian that means “to live” or “to reside.” It is commonly used to describe where someone lives or resides.

Auxiliary

Translation

Conjugation

The verb “abitare” follows regular conjugation patterns for verbs ending in -are. Here’s how it is conjugated in the present tense:

Pronoun	Conjugation	Example Sentence
Io	abito	(Io) abito in Italia.
Tu	abiti	(Tu) abiti a Roma?
Lui/Lei	abita	(Lei) abita in una piccola città.
Noi	abitiamo	(Noi) abitiamo in un appartamento.
Voi	abitate	(Voi) abitate vicino alla stazione.
Loro	abitano	(Loro) abitano in una grande casa.

Past Participle

Usage and Examples

Location of Residence: “Abitare” is used to indicate where someone lives.
- Io abito a Milano. (I live in Milan.)
Duration and Habitual Actions: It can be used to describe a habitual or long-term action.
- Lui abita in quella casa da cinque anni. (He has been living in that house for five years.)
Questions about Residence: Used to ask where someone resides.
- Dove abiti? (Where do you live?)
Descriptions: Can be paired with descriptive phrases to give more details.
- Noi abitiamo in una casa con un bel giardino. (We live in a house with a beautiful garden.)

Examples Sentences:

Io abito in Italia.
Lei abita in una piccola città vicino al mare.
Noi abitiamo in un appartamento nel centro della città.
Loro abitano in una grande casa con un giardino.

Tips for Using “Abitare”

Prepositions: Use appropriate prepositions with “abitare.” Common prepositions include “a” (in) for cities and “in” (in) for countries or regions.
- Abito a Napoli. (I live in Naples.)
- Abitiamo in Italia. (We live in Italy.)
Combining with Time Expressions: Enhance your sentences by adding time expressions to describe how long someone has been living somewhere.
- Abito qui da dieci anni. (I have been living here for ten years.)

Advanced Usage

Past Tense: When talking about past residences, use the imperfetto or passato prossimo.
- Imperfetto: Abitavo in Francia. (I used to live in France.)
- Passato Prossimo: Ho abitato in Germania per due anni. (I lived in Germany for two years.)
Future Tense: To talk about future plans of residence, use the futuro semplice.
- Abiterò a Londra l’anno prossimo. (I will live in London next year.)

ANDARE

General Info

The verb “andare” is one of the most essential and frequently used verbs in Italian, meaning “to go.”

It is an irregular verb and is crucial for everyday conversation.

Auxiliary

Translation

Conjugation

The verb “andare” is irregular, so it does not follow standard conjugation patterns. Here’s how it is conjugated in the present tense:

Pronoun	Conjugation	Example Sentence
Io	vado	(Io) vado a scuola ogni giorno.
Tu	vai	(Tu) vai al lavoro in bicicletta?
Lui/Lei	va	(Lei) va al mercato ogni sabato.
Noi	andiamo	(Noi) andiamo in vacanza domani.
Voi	andate	Voi) andate spesso al cinema?
Loro	vanno	(Loro) vanno a teatro stasera.

Past Participle

Usage and Examples

Movement or Travel: “Andare” is primarily used to indicate movement from one place to another.
- Vado a Roma domani. (I am going to Rome tomorrow.)
Future Plans: It is often used to talk about future plans or intentions.
- Andremo al mare la prossima settimana. (We will go to the sea next week.)
Expressions of Suitability or Function: “Andare” can indicate if something suits or functions well.
- Questa maglia ti va bene. (This shirt suits you well.)
Idiomatic Expressions: “Andare” is part of many idiomatic expressions.
- Andare d’accordo (to get along)
- Andare a trovare (to visit someone)
- Andare a piedi (to go on foot)
Commands and Requests: Often used in the imperative form to give instructions or requests.
- Va’ via! (Go away!)

Example Sentences

Vado al supermercato ogni sabato. (I go to the supermarket every Saturday.)
Vai spesso al cinema? (Do you often go to the cinema?)
Lei va in palestra tre volte a settimana. (She goes to the gym three times a week.)
Andiamo a vedere un film stasera. (We are going to see a movie tonight.)
Loro vanno a fare una passeggiata nel parco. (They are going for a walk in the park.)

Tips for Using Andare

Prepositions: Use appropriate prepositions with “andare.” Common ones include “a” (to), “in” (in/into), and “da” (to someone’s place).
- Vado a casa. (I am going home.)
- Vanno in Italia. (They are going to Italy.)
- Andiamo da Marco. (We are going to Marco’s place.)
Compound Tenses: In compound tenses, “andare” uses the auxiliary verb “essere.”
- Passato Prossimo: Sono andato/a (I went)
- Futuro Anteriore: Sarò andato/a (I will have gone)
- Trapassato Prossimo: Ero andato/a (I had gone)
Negative Form: The negative form is created by placing “non” before the verb.
- Non vado al lavoro oggi. (I am not going to work today.)
Questions: Form questions by changing intonation or using interrogative words.
- Vai al parco oggi? (Are you going to the park today?)

Advanced Usage

Future Tense: Use the future tense to talk about future actions or events.
- Andrò in Spagna l’anno prossimo. (I will go to Spain next year.)
Conditional Form: Used for hypothetical situations or polite requests.
- Andrei al cinema se avessi tempo. (I would go to the cinema if I had time.)
Subjunctive Mood: Used to express doubt, wishes, or hypothetical situations.
- Spero che tu vada a scuola domani. (I hope that you go to school tomorrow.)
Idiomatic Expressions: Some common idiomatic expressions using “andare” include:
- Andare d’accordo (to get along)
- Andare a pezzi (to fall apart)
- Andare per la maggiore (to be in great demand)

APRIRE

General Info

The verb “aprire” is a regular Italian verb of the third conjugation (-ire) that means “to open.” It is commonly used in both literal and figurative contexts.

Auxiliary

Transaltion

Conjugation

“Aprire” is a regular -ire verb, so it follows the standard conjugation pattern for such verbs. Here’s how it is conjugated in the present tense:

Pronoun	Conjugation	Example Sentence
Io	apro	(Io) apro la porta.
Tu	apri	(Tu) apri la finestra.
Lui/Lei	apre	(Lui) apre il libro.
Noi	apriamo	(Noi) apriamo il negozio alle nove.
Voi	aprite	(Voi) aprite le vostre mani.
Loro	aprono	(Loro) aprono i regali.

Past Partciple

Usage and Examples

Literal Opening: “Aprire” is often used to describe physically opening something.
- Apro la finestra perché fa caldo. (I open the window because it is hot.)
Opening a Business or Event: It can be used to talk about starting a business, event, or service.
- Il nuovo ristorante apre domani. (The new restaurant opens tomorrow.)
Figurative Uses: “Aprire” can also be used figuratively, such as opening one’s mind or heart.
- Devi aprire la mente a nuove idee. (You must open your mind to new ideas.)
Commands and Requests: Used frequently in imperative forms to give commands.
- Apri la porta, per favore. (Open the door, please.)
Reflexive Form: The reflexive form “aprirsi” means to open up, often used metaphorically.
- Si è aperto con me riguardo ai suoi problemi. (He opened up to me about his problems.)

Example Sentences

Apro la porta ogni mattina alle sette.
- I open the door every morning at seven.
Quando arrivi, apri la finestra.
- When you arrive, open the window.
Abbiamo aperto un nuovo ufficio in centro.
- We opened a new office downtown.
Loro apriranno un ristorante l’anno prossimo.
- They will open a restaurant next year.
Se apri la tua mente, imparerai molte cose nuove.
- If you open your mind, you will learn many new things.

Tips for Using “Aprire”

Use appropriate prepositions when necessary. “Aprire” can often be followed directly by the noun it affects.

Aprire il libro (to open the book)
Aprire una bottiglia (to open a bottle)

Past Tense: Use the auxiliary verb “avere” and the past participle “aperto.”

Ex.: Ho aperto la porta. (I opened the door.)

Future Tense: Conjugate “aprire” regularly in the future tense.

Ex.: Aprirò un negozio il prossimo anno. (I will open a shop next year.)

Imperfect Tense: Use the imperfect tense to describe ongoing or repeated actions in the past.

Ex.: Aprivo sempre la finestra al mattino. (I always opened the window in the morning.)

Advanced Usage

Conditional Form: Used to express hypothetical situations or polite requests.
- Aprirei la finestra se non facesse così freddo. (I would open the window if it weren’t so cold.)
Subjunctive Mood: Used to express doubt, uncertainty, or hypothetical scenarios.
- Spero che tu apra la tua mente a nuove idee. (I hope you open your mind to new ideas.)
Idiomatic Expressions: “Aprire” is part of several idiomatic expressions.
- Aprire il cuore (to open one’s heart)
- Aprire gli occhi (to open one’s eyes, i.e., to become aware)

Sentences with the verb APRIRE

AVERE

General Info

The verb “avere” is one of the most essential and frequently used verbs in Italian, meaning “to have.”

It is an irregular verb and is crucial for forming compound tenses, including the passato prossimo (present perfect).

Auxiliary

Translation

Conjugation

The verb “avere” is irregular, so it does not follow standard conjugation patterns. Here’s how it is conjugated in the present tense:

Pronoun	Conjugation	Example Sentence
Io	ho	(Io) ho un libro.
Tu	hai	(Tu) hai una macchina nuova.
Lui/Lei	ha	(Lei) ha una bella casa.
Noi	abbiamo	(Noi) abbiamo tre cani.
Voi	avete	(Voi) avete una grande famiglia.
Loro	hanno	(Loro) hanno molti amici.

Past Participle

Usage and Examples

Possession: “Avere” is primarily used to indicate possession.
- Io ho una penna. (I have a pen.)
Age: In Italian, age is expressed using “avere” rather than “essere.”
- Quanti anni hai? (How old are you?)
- Ho vent’anni. (I am twenty years old.)
Physical States and Conditions: Used to describe physical sensations or states.
- Ho fame. (I am hungry.)
- Hai sete? (Are you thirsty?)
Obligations and Needs: Often used to express needs or obligations.
- Ho bisogno di aiuto. (I need help.)
- Abbiamo fretta. (We are in a hurry.)
Idiomatic Expressions: “Avere” is part of many idiomatic expressions.
- Avere paura (to be afraid)
- Avere ragione (to be right)
- Avere torto (to be wrong)
- Avere freddo (to be cold)

Tips for Using “Avere”

Forming Compound Tenses: “Avere” is used as an auxiliary verb to form many compound tenses.
- Passato Prossimo: Io ho mangiato. (I have eaten/I ate.)
- Trapassato Prossimo: Avevo mangiato. (I had eaten.)
Expressions with “Avere”: Many common expressions in Italian use “avere” instead of “essere,” such as feelings, physical conditions, and states of being.
- Avere sonno (to be sleepy)
- Avere successo (to be successful)
- Avere fortuna (to be lucky)
Negative Form: The negative form of “avere” is straightforward. Just place “non” before the verb.
- Non ho soldi. (I don’t have money.)
Interrogative Form: When forming questions, invert the subject and the verb or use intonation.
- Hai un gatto? (Do you have a cat?)

Advanced Usage

Future Tense: When talking about future possession, use the future tense of “avere.”
- Avrò una nuova casa. (I will have a new house.)
Past Tense: When discussing past possession or conditions, use the imperfect tense or passato prossimo.
- Imperfetto: Avevo molti giocattoli da bambino. (I had many toys as a child.)
- Passato Prossimo: Ho avuto una giornata intensa. (I had a busy day.)
Conditional Form: Used for hypothetical situations or polite requests.
- Avrei bisogno di parlare con te. (I would need to talk to you.)

CAPIRE

General Info

The verb “capire” means “to understand” in Italian.

It is a regular verb of the third conjugation (-ire), but it follows a particular subgroup of -ire verbs that insert –isc– in certain forms.

Auxiliary

Translation

Conjugation

“Capire” is part of the -ire verbs that add -isc- in the present tense for all forms except noi and voi. Here’s how it is conjugated:

Pronoun	Conjugation	Example Sentence
Io	capisco	(Io) capisco l’italiano.
Tu	capisci	(Tu) capisci quello che dico?
Lui/Lei	capisce	(Lui) capisce bene il problema.
Noi	capiamo	(Noi) capiamo le regole del gioco.
Voi	capite	(Voi) capite la lezione?
Loro	capiscono	(Loro) capiscono il concetto.

Past Participle

Usage and Examples

Understanding Information: “Capire” is used to express understanding of languages, concepts, situations, etc.
- Capisco bene l’inglese. (I understand English well.)
Expressing Realization: It can be used to indicate that someone has realized or grasped something.
- Ho capito che avevi ragione. (I realized that you were right.)
Asking for Clarification: Commonly used in questions to ask if someone understands.
- Capisci quello che voglio dire? (Do you understand what I mean?)
Expressing Sympathy or Agreement: Used to show that you sympathize with someone’s feelings or situation.
- Capisco il tuo punto di vista. (I understand your point of view.)

Example Sentences

Capisco il francese, ma non lo parlo bene. (I understand French, but I do not speak it well.)
Hai capito come funziona questa macchina? (Did you understand how this machine works?)
Non capiscono perché siamo preoccupati. (They do not understand why we are worried.)
Capiremo tutto meglio dopo la riunione. (We will understand everything better after the meeting.)
Se lui non capisce, spiegaglielo di nuovo. (If he doesn’t understand, explain it to him again.)

Tips for Using “Capire”

Using “Capire” with Direct Objects: Often used with direct objects, which can be things, situations, languages, etc.
- Capisco il problema. (I understand the problem.)
- Non capisco la domanda. (I do not understand the question.)
Compound Tenses: “Capire” uses the auxiliary verb “avere” in compound tenses.
- Passato Prossimo: Ho capito (I understood)
- Trapassato Prossimo: Avevo capito (I had understood)
- Futuro Anteriore: Avrò capito (I will have understood)
Negative Form: The negative form is created by placing “non” before the verb.
- Non capisco cosa stai dicendo. (I do not understand what you are saying.)
Interrogative Form: Form questions by changing intonation or using interrogative words.
- Capisci questa parola? (Do you understand this word?)

Advanced Usage

Future Tense: Use the future tense to talk about future understanding.
- Capirò meglio dopo aver studiato. (I will understand better after studying.)
Conditional Form: Used for hypothetical situations or polite requests.
- Capirei se tu me lo spiegassi. (I would understand if you explained it to me.)
Subjunctive Mood: Used to express doubt, wishes, or hypothetical scenarios.
- Spero che tu capisca l’importanza di questo. (I hope you understand the importance of this.)
Idiomatic Expressions: Some common idiomatic expressions using “capire” include:
- Far capire (to make someone understand)
- Capire al volo (to understand immediately)
- Capire fischi per fiaschi (to misunderstand completely)

CERCARE

General Info

The verb “cercare” means “to search” or “to look for” in Italian. It is a regular verb of the first conjugation (-are).

Ausiliare

Traduzione

Conjugation

“Cercare” follows the regular -are conjugation pattern, but with a slight modification in some forms to preserve the hard “c” sound. Here’s how it is conjugated in the present tense:

Pronoun	Conjugation	Example Sentence
Io	cerco	(Io) cerco le chiavi.
Tu	cerchi	(Tu) cerchi un nuovo lavoro?
Lui/Lei	cerca	(Lei) cerca un libro.
Noi	cerchiamo	(Noi) cerchiamo un ristorante aperto.
Voi	cercate	(Voi) cercate la strada giusta.
Loro	cercano	(Loro) cercano un appartamento in centro.

Past Participle

Usage and Examples

Searching for Objects: “Cercare” is used to indicate searching or looking for something.
- Cerco il mio telefono. (I am looking for my phone.)
Seeking Information: It can be used when searching for information or answers.
- Stiamo cercando informazioni su questo argomento. (We are looking for information on this topic.)
Job Search: Commonly used in the context of job hunting.
- Mio fratello cerca lavoro da mesi. (My brother has been looking for a job for months.)
Trying to Achieve Something: It can imply an effort to achieve or find something non-tangible.
- Cerchiamo di migliorare i nostri servizi. (We are trying to improve our services.)
Reflexive Form: The reflexive form “cercarsi” means to look for oneself, often used figuratively.
- Devi cercarti nel profondo. (You need to look deep within yourself.)

Example Sentences

Cerco un libro interessante da leggere. (I am looking for an interesting book to read.)
Hai cercato le tue chiavi dappertutto? (Did you look for your keys everywhere?)
Loro cercano una soluzione al problema. (They are looking for a solution to the problem.)
Cercavo un regalo per mia sorella. (I was looking for a gift for my sister.)
Se cerchiamo insieme, troveremo una soluzione. (If we search together, we will find a solution.)

Tips for Using “Cercare”

Using “Cercare” with Prepositions: “Cercare” is typically followed directly by the object without a preposition.
- Cerco un libro. (I am looking for a book.)
- Cerchi aiuto? (Are you looking for help?)
Compound Tenses: “Cercare” uses the auxiliary verb “avere” in compound tenses.
- Passato Prossimo: Ho cercato (I searched)
- Trapassato Prossimo: Avevo cercato (I had searched)
- Futuro Anteriore: Avrò cercato (I will have searched)
Negative Form: The negative form is created by placing “non” before the verb.
- Non cerco nulla di particolare.
  - I am not looking for anything in particular.
Interrogative Form: Form questions by changing intonation or using interrogative words.
- Cerchi qualcosa?
  - Are you looking for something?

Advanced Usage

Future Tense: Use the future tense to talk about future search actions.
- Cercherò un nuovo appartamento il mese prossimo. I will look for a new apartment next month.
Conditional Form: Used for hypothetical situations or polite requests.
- Cercherei una soluzione se fossi in te. I would look for a solution if I were you.
Subjunctive Mood: Used to express doubt, wishes, or hypothetical scenarios.
- Spero che tu cerchi bene. I hope you search well.
Idiomatic Expressions: Some common idiomatic expressions using “cercare” include:
- Cercare rogna (to look for trouble)
- Cercare un ago in un pagliaio (to look for a needle in a haystack)
- Cercare di cavarsela (to try to get by)

CHIEDERE

General Info

The verb “chiedere” means “to ask” in Italian. It is a regular verb but follows the irregular conjugation pattern of the second conjugation (verbs ending in -ere).

Auxiliary

Translation

Conjugation

“Chiedere” is conjugated as follows in the present tense:

Pronoun	Conjugation	Example Sentence
Io	chiedo	(Io) chiedo un favore.
Tu	chiedi	(Tu) chiedi spesso aiuto?
Lui/Lei	chiede	(Lui) chiede indicazioni stradali.
Noi	chiediamo	(Noi) chiediamo informazioni.
Voi	chiedete	(Voi) chiedete sempre la stessa cosa?
Loro	chiedono	(Loro) chiedono una spiegazione.

Past Participle

Usage and Examples

Asking Questions: “Chiedere” is used to ask questions or inquire about something.
- Chiedo dove sia il bagno. (I ask where the bathroom is.)
Requesting Information or Help: It is often used to request information or assistance.
- Puoi chiedere al cameriere? (Can you ask the waiter?)
Asking for Favors: “Chiedere” is used when asking for favors or making requests.
- Ti chiedo un favore. (I ask you for a favor.)
Asking for Permission: It can be used to ask for permission or approval.
- Posso chiedere di uscire prima?
  - Can I ask to leave early?
Negative Form: The negative form is created by placing “non” before the verb.
- Non chiedo nulla. (I am not asking for anything.)

Example Sentences

Chiedo aiuto a mio fratello. (I ask my brother for help.)
Tu chiedi sempre consigli? (Do you always ask for advice?)
Lei chiede informazioni al turista. (She asks the tourist for information.)
Noi chiediamo un giorno libero. (We are asking for a day off.)
Loro chiedono spiegazioni al direttore. (They ask the director for explanations.)

Tips for Using “Chiedere”

Using “Chiedere” with Prepositions: “Chiedere” is often used with prepositions like “a” (to) and “di” (of).
- Chiedere a (to ask someone)
- Chiedere di (to ask for/about something)
Compound Tenses: “Chiedere” uses the auxiliary verb “avere” in compound tenses.
- Passato Prossimo: Ho chiesto (I asked)
- Trapassato Prossimo: Avevo chiesto (I had asked)
- Futuro Anteriore: Avrò chiesto (I will have asked)
Idiomatic Expressions: “Chiedere” is part of various idiomatic expressions.
- Chiedere scusa (to apologize)
  - Devo chiedere scusa per il ritardo.
    - I must apologize for the delay.

Advanced Usage

Future Tense: Use the future tense to talk about asking in the future.
- Chiederò un aumento.
  - I will ask for a raise.
Conditional Form: Used for hypothetical situations or polite requests.
- Chiederesti un consiglio?
  - Would you ask for advice?
Subjunctive Mood: Used to express doubt, wishes, or hypothetical scenarios.
- Spero che chieda scusa.
  - I hope he/she apologizes.
Imperative Mood: Used to give commands or suggestions.
- Chiedi al professore!
  - Ask the professor!
Asking Indirectly: When used in indirect questions, “chiedere” changes its structure.
- Mi chiedo se lui verrà.
  - I wonder if he will come.

DARE

General Info

The verb “dare” means “to give” in Italian. It is an irregular verb, which means its conjugation deviates from the standard patterns.

Auxiliary

Translation

Conjugation

“Dare” is irregular, so its conjugation does not follow a standard pattern. Here’s how it is conjugated in the present tense:

Pronoun	Conjugation	Example Sentence
Io	do	(Io) do un regalo a Maria.
Tu	dai	(Tu) dai sempre buoni consigli.
Lui/Lei	dà	(Lui) dà da mangiare al cane.
Noi	diamo	(Noi) diamo una mano ai nostri amici.
Voi	date	(Voi) date molti suggerimenti utili.
Loro	danno	(Loro) danno lezioni di musica.

Past Participle

Usage and Examples

Giving Objects: “Dare” is primarily used to indicate the act of giving something to someone.
- Do un libro a mio fratello. (I give a book to my brother.)
Offering Help or Advice: It can be used to talk about offering help, advice, or support.
- Dai una mano a tuo padre? (Do you give a hand to your father?)
Granting Permission: Used to grant permission or approval.
- Il professore dà il permesso di uscire. (The teacher gives permission to leave.)
Expressing Actions: It can describe various actions like giving a look, giving a shout, or giving a hug.
- Diamo un’occhiata ai documenti. (Let’s give a look at the documents.)
Reflexive Form: The reflexive form “darsi” is used to indicate giving something to oneself or mutual actions.
- Si danno la mano. (They shake hands.)

Example Sentences

Do il mio tempo ai volontariati. (I give my time to volunte ering.)
Hai dato i documenti al capo? (Did you give the documents to the boss?)
Loro danno molti suggerimenti utili. (They give many useful suggestions.)
Diamo il nostro meglio in ogni progetto. (We give our best in every project.)
Se dai tutto te stesso, avrai successo. (If you give your all, you will succeed.)

Tips for Using “Dare”

Using “Dare” with Pronouns: “Dare” is often used with indirect object pronouns (mi, ti, gli/le, ci, vi, loro).
- Mi dai il libro? (Can you give me the book?)
- Gli do un consiglio. (I give him advice.)
Compound Tenses: “Dare” uses the auxiliary verb “avere” in compound tenses.
- Passato Prossimo: Ho dato (I gave)
- Trapassato Prossimo: Avevo dato (I had given)
- Futuro Anteriore: Avrò dato (I will have given)
Negative Form: The negative form is created by placing “non” before the verb.
- Non do mai nulla per scontato.
  - I never take anything for granted.
Interrogative Form: Form questions by changing intonation or using interrogative words.
- Dai una mano?
  - Are you giving a hand?

Advanced Usage

Future Tense: Use the future tense to talk about future giving actions.
- Darò un regalo a Giulia domani.
  - I will give a gift to Giulia tomorrow.
Conditional Form: Used for hypothetical situations or polite requests.
- Darei un consiglio se potessi.
  - I would give advice if I could.
Subjunctive Mood: Used to express doubt, wishes, or hypothetical scenarios.
- Spero che tu dia il meglio di te.
  - I hope you give your best.
Idiomatic Expressions: Some common idiomatic expressions using “dare” include:
- Dare una mano (to lend a hand)
- Dare retta (to listen to or heed)
- Dare il benvenuto (to welcome)
- Dare un’occhiata (to take a look)

DIRE

General Info

The verb “dire” means “to say” or “to tell” in Italian. It is an irregular verb, which means its conjugation deviates from the standard patterns.

Auxiliary

Translation

Conjugation

“Dire” is an irregular verb, so its conjugation does not follow a standard pattern. Here’s how it is conjugated in the present tense:

Pronoun	Conjugation	Example Sentence
Io	dico	(Io) dico sempre la verità.
Tu	dici	(Tu) dici che è una buona idea?
Lui/Lei	dice	(Lui) dice di essere stanco.
Noi	diciamo	(Noi) diciamo che è meglio partire presto.
Voi	dite	(Voi) dite che va tutto bene?
Loro	dicono	(Loro) dicono che arriveranno tardi.

Past Participle

Usage and Examples

Reporting Speech: “Dire” is often used to report what someone has said.
- Mi ha detto di venire alle otto. (He told me to come at eight.)
Giving Instructions or Commands: It can be used to give instructions or commands.
- Dici sempre quello che pensi. (You always say what you think.)
Expressing Opinions: Used to express opinions or thoughts.
- Dico che dovremmo aspettare. (I say we should wait.)
Asking Information: Used in questions to inquire about what someone said.
- Cosa hai detto? (What did you say?)
Idiomatic Expressions: “Dire” is part of many idiomatic expressions.
- Dire la verità (to tell the truth)
- Dire bugie (to tell lies)

Example Sentences

Dico sempre quello che penso. (I always say what I think.)
Hai detto che venivi? (Did you say you were coming?)
Lei dice che è stanca. (She says she is tired.)
Diciamo che è meglio partire adesso. (We say it’s better to leave now.)
Se loro dicono di sì, andremo. (If they say yes, we will go.)

Tips for Using “Dire”

Using “Dire” with Pronouns: “Dire” is often used with indirect object pronouns (mi, ti, gli/le, ci, vi, loro).
- Mi dici la verità? (Will you tell me the truth?)
- Gli ho detto di venire. (I told him to come.)
Compound Tenses: “Dire” uses the auxiliary verb “avere” in compound tenses.
- Passato Prossimo: Ho detto (I said)
- Trapassato Prossimo: Avevo detto (I had said)
- Futuro Anteriore: Avrò detto (I will have said)
Negative Form: The negative form is created by placing “non” before the verb.
- Non dire bugie. (Don’t tell lies.)
Interrogative Form: Form questions by changing intonation or using interrogative words.
- Hai detto qualcosa? (Did you say something?)

Advanced Usage

Future Tense: Use the future tense to talk about future statements.
- Dirò tutto domani. (I will say everything tomorrow.)
Conditional Form: Used for hypothetical situations or polite requests.
- Direi che è una buona idea. (I would say it’s a good idea.)
Subjunctive Mood: Used to express doubt, wishes, or hypothetical scenarios.
- Spero che tu dica la verità. (I hope you tell the truth.)
Imperative Mood: Used to give commands or requests.
- Dì la verità! (Tell the truth!)
Idiomatic Expressions: Some common idiomatic expressions using “dire” include:
- Dire di sì/no (to say yes/no)
- Non dire gatto se non ce l’hai nel sacco (Don’t count your chickens before they hatch)

DOVERE

General Info

The verb “dovere” means “to have to,” “must,” or “to owe” in Italian. It is an irregular verb, meaning its conjugation deviates from the standard patterns.

The verb DOVERE is one of the verbs called SERVILE or MODALE. Servile verbs are a particular category of verbs.

Auxiliary

Translation

Conjugation

“Dovere” is an irregular verb, so its conjugation does not follow a standard pattern. Here’s how it is conjugated in the present tense:

Pronoun	Conjugation	Example Sentence
Io	devo	(Io) devo studiare per l’esame.
Tu	devi	(Tu) devi andare dal dottore.
Lui/Lei	deve	(Lui )deve finire il lavoro oggi.
Noi	dobbiamo	(Noi) dobbiamo partire presto domani.
Voi	dovete	(Voi)dovete ascoltare attentamente.
Loro	devono	(Loro) devono completare il progetto.

Past Participle

Usage and Examples

Expressing Necessity or Obligation: “Dovere” is primarily used to express necessity, obligation, or duty.
- Devo andare al lavoro. (I have to go to work).
Expressing Probability: It can also be used to express something that is probable or likely.
- Deve essere stanco dopo il viaggio. (He must be tired after the trip.)
Expressing Owing: “Dovere” can mean “to owe” when talking about debts or obligations.
- Ti devo dei soldi. (I owe you some money.)
Negative Form: The negative form is created by placing “non” before the verb.
- Non devo dimenticare l’appuntamento. (I must not forget the appointment.)
Asking for Advice or Permission: When used in questions, it can be used to ask for advice or permission.
- Devo parlare con il direttore? (Should I talk to the manager?)

Example Sentences

Dobbiamo fare la spesa oggi. (We have to do the shopping today.)
Devi finire i compiti prima di uscire. (You must finish your homework before going out.)
Non devo dimenticare di chiamare mia madre. (I must not forget to call my mother.)
Loro devono partire alle sei. (They have to leave at six.)
Ho dovuto aspettare molto tempo. (I had to wait a long time.)

Tips for Using “Dovere”

Using “Dovere” with Pronouns: “Dovere” is often used with indirect object pronouns (mi, ti, gli/le, ci, vi, loro).
- Mi devi spiegare questo. (You have to explain this to me.9
Compound Tenses:
Modal verbs, including the verb DOVERE, take the auxiliary form of the verb that follows.
- Passato Prossimo: Ho dovuto/sono dovuto(I had to)
- Trapassato Prossimo: Avevo dovuto/ero dovuto (I had had to)
- Futuro Anteriore: Avrò dovuto/sarà dovuto.(I will have had to)
Impersonal Form: “Dovere” can be used impersonally to express general obligations or necessities.
- Si deve rispettare la legge. (One must respect the law.)

Advanced Usage

Future Tense: Use the future tense to talk about future obligations.
- Dovrò partire presto domani.
  - I will have to leave early tomorrow.
Conditional Form: Used for hypothetical situations or polite requests.
- Dovrei chiamare un medico?
  - Should I call a doctor?
Subjunctive Mood: Used to express doubt, wishes, or hypothetical scenarios.
- Penso che tu debba studiare di più.
  - I think you should study more.
Imperative Mood: Used to give commands or suggestions.
- Devi fare attenzione!
  - You must pay attention!
Idiomatic Expressions: Some common idiomatic expressions using “dovere” include:
- Dovere una spiegazione (to owe an explanation)
- Dovere la vita a qualcuno (to owe one’s life to someone)

ESSERE

General Info

The verb “essere” means “to be” in Italian. It is one of the most important and frequently used verbs in the Italian language, serving both as a main verb and as an auxiliary verb in compound tenses. “Essere” is highly irregular, so its conjugation must be memorized.

Auxiliary

Traduzione

Conjugation

“Essere” is irregular, and its present tense conjugation is as follows:

Pronoun	Conjugation	Example Sentence
Io	sono	(Io) sono felice.
Tu	sei	(Tu) sei studente?
Lui/Lei	è	(Lui) è italiano.
Noi	siamo	(Noi) siamo amici.
Voi	siete	(Voi) siete pronti?
Loro	sono	(Loro) sono insegnanti.

Past Participle

Usage and Examples

Identity and Characteristics: “Essere” is used to describe identity, characteristics, and states of being.
- Io sono un medico. (I am a doctor.)
- Lei è alta. (She is tall.)
Nationality and Origin: It is used to indicate nationality or origin.
- Noi siamo italiani. (We are Italian.)
- Lui è di Roma. (He is from Rome.)
Time and Date: “Essere” is used to tell the time and date.
- Che ora è? (What time is it?)
- Oggi è lunedì. (Today is Monday.)
Location and Position: While “essere” can sometimes indicate location, “stare” is often more appropriate for temporary states.
- Il libro è sul tavolo. (The book is on the table.)
- Lei è in ufficio. (She is in the office.)
Auxiliary Verb: “Essere” is used as an auxiliary verb in compound tenses, particularly with intransitive verbs and reflexive verbs.
- Sono andato (I went)
- Mi sono svegliato (I woke up)

Example Sentences

Sono uno students. (I am a student.)
Sei di Milano? (Are you from Milan?)
È un bel giorno. (It is a beautiful day.)
Siamo pronti per partire. (We are ready to leave.)
Sono stanchi dopo il viaggio.(They are tired after the trip.)

Tips for Using “Essere”

Agreement in Compound Tenses: When “essere” is used as an auxiliary verb, the past participle must agree in gender and number with the subject.
- Sono andato (I went – for a male subject)
- Sono andata (I went – for a female subject)
- Siamo andati (We went for – males or mixed group)
- Siamo andate (We went – for females)
Reflexive Verbs: All reflexive verbs use “essere” as their auxiliary verb.
- Mi sono lavato (I washed myself – male)
- Mi sono lavata (I washed myself – female)
Passive Voice: “Essere” is used to form the passive voice.
- Il libro è stato scritto da lei. (The book was written by her.)

Advanced Usage

Future Tense: Use the future tense to talk about what someone will be.
- Sarò felice. (I will be happy.)
Conditional Form: Used for hypothetical situations or polite requests.
- Saresti gentile da aiutarmi? (Would you be kind enough to help me?)
Subjunctive Mood: Used to express doubt, wishes, or hypothetical scenarios.
- Spero che tu sia felice. (I hope you are happy.)
Imperative Mood: Used to give commands or suggestions.
- Sii forte! (Be strong!)

FARE

General Info

The verb “fare” means “to do” or “to make” in Italian. It is an irregular verb, meaning its conjugation deviates from the standard patterns.

Auxiliary

Traduzione

Conjugation

“Fare” is an irregular verb, so its conjugation does not follow a standard pattern. Here’s how it is conjugated in the present tense:

Pronoun	Conjugation	Example Sentence
Io	faccio	(Io) faccio colazione ogni mattina.
Tu	fai	(Tu) fai i compiti subito dopo scuola?
Lui/Lei	fa	(Lui) fa una torta per la festa.
Noi	facciamo	(Noi) facciamo una passeggiata al parco.
Voi	fate	(Voi) fate sempre sport nel weekend?
Loro	fanno	(Loro) fanno un viaggio ogni estate.

Past Participle

Usage and Examples

General Actions: “Fare” is commonly used to describe general actions and tasks.
- Cosa fai nel tempo libero? (What do you do in your free time?)
Creating or Making Something: Used to express the act of making or creating something.
- Faccio una torta per il compleanno di mia sorella. (I am making a cake for my sister’s birthday.)
Weather Expressions: “Fare” is used to describe the weather.
- Fa caldo oggi. (It’s hot today.)
Expressions with Fare: “Fare” forms part of many common expressions and idiomatic phrases.
- Fare una foto (to take a photo)
- Fare una domanda (to ask a question)
- Fare un errore (to make a mistake)
Reflexive Form: The reflexive form “farsi” is used for actions done to oneself.
- Mi faccio la doccia ogni mattina. (I take a shower every morning.

Example Sentences

Faccio una passeggiata ogni mattina. (I take a walk every morning.)
Hai fatto i compiti? (Did you do your homework?)
Fa freddo oggi. (It’s cold today.)
Noi facciamo sempre la spesa il sabato. (We always do the grocery shopping on Saturday.)
Loro fanno un viaggio in Italia ogni estate. (They take a trip to Italy every summer.)

Tips for Using “Fare”

Using “Fare” with Pronouns: “Fare” is often used with direct object pronouns (lo, la, li, le).
- Lo faccio subito. (I will do it right away.)
Compound Tenses: “Fare” uses the auxiliary verb “avere” in compound tenses.
- Passato Prossimo: Ho fatto (I did/made)
- Trapassato Prossimo: Avevo fatto (I had done/made)
- Futuro Anteriore: Avrò fatto (I will have done/made)
Negative Form: The negative form is created by placing “non” before the verb.
- Non faccio niente oggi. (I am not doing anything today.)
Interrogative Form: Form questions by changing intonation or using interrogative words.
- Fai sport? (Do you play sports?)

Advanced Usage

Future Tense: Use the future tense to talk about future actions.
- Farò una passeggiata dopo cena. (I will take a walk after dinner.)
Conditional Form: Used for hypothetical situations or polite requests.
- Farei volentieri una pausa. (I would gladly take a break.)
Subjunctive Mood: Used to express doubt, wishes, or hypothetical scenarios.
- Spero che tu faccia attenzione. (I hope you pay attention.)
Imperative Mood: Used to give commands or suggestions.
- Fa’ attenzione! (Be careful!)
Idiomatic Expressions: Some common idiomatic expressions using “fare” include:
- Fare finta di niente (to pretend nothing is happening)
- Fare bella figura (to make a good impression)

FINIRE

General Info

The verb “finire” means “to finish” or “to end” in Italian.
It is a regular verb of the third conjugation (-ire) with a slight difference in its present tense forms, where it often uses an added -isc- in certain conjugations.

Auxiliary

Translation

Conjugation

“Finire” follows the regular -ire conjugation pattern with an -isc- insertion in certain forms. Here’s how it is conjugated in the present tense:

Pronoun	Conjugation	Example Sentence
Io	finisco	(Io) finisco il lavoro alle sei.
Tu	finisci	(Tu) finisci sempre i compiti in tempo?
Lui/Lei	finisce	(Lei) finisce di leggere il libro.
Noi	finiamo	(Noi) finiamo la riunione alle tre.
Voi	finite	(Voi) finite la cena presto?
Loro	finiscono	(Loro) finiscono di lavorare tardi.

Past Participle

Usage and Examples

Completing Tasks: “Finire” is commonly used to describe the act of completing tasks or activities.
- Ho finito di scrivere il rapporto. (I finished writing the report.)
Ending or Ceasing: Used to express the end of an event or action.
- La lezione finisce alle otto. (The class ends at eight.)
With an Infinitive: “Finire” is often followed by an infinitive verb to describe completing an action.
- Finisco di studiare alle dieci. (I finish studying at ten.)
Reflexive Form: The reflexive form “finirsi” is not commonly used; instead, the verb often appears in its standard form.
- Mi finisco il caffè. (I finish my coffee.)
Idiomatic Expressions: “Finire” is part of several idiomatic expressions.
- Finire per (to end up doing something)
  - Finisce sempre per essere in ritardo. (He always ends up being late.)

Example Sentences

Finisco di lavorare alle sei ogni giorno. (I finish working at six every day.)
Hai finito il tuo pranzo? (Have you finished your lunch?)
Loro finiscono il progetto questa settimana. (They are finishing the project this week.)
Non finisco mai di leggere prima di mezzanotte. (I never finish reading before midnight.)
Se finisci presto, possiamo uscire insieme. (If you finish early, we can go out together.)

Tips for Using “Finire”

Using “Finire” with Pronouns: “Finire” can be used with direct object pronouns.
- L’ho finito ieri. (I finished it yesterday.)
Compound Tenses: “Finire” uses the auxiliary verb “avere” in compound tenses.
- Passato Prossimo: Ho finito (I finished)
- Trapassato Prossimo: Avevo finito (I had finished)
- Futuro Anteriore: Avrò finito (I will have finished)
Negative Form: The negative form is created by placing “non” before the verb.
- Non finisco mai prima delle otto. (I never finish before eight.)
Interrogative Form: Form questions by changing intonation or using interrogative words.
- Hai finito il libro? (Have you finished the book?)

Advanced Usage

Future Tense: Use the future tense to talk about future completions.
- Finirò il progetto domani. (I will finish the project tomorrow.)
Conditional Form: Used for hypothetical situations or polite requests.
- Finirei il lavoro se avessi più tempo. (I would finish the work if I had more time.)
Subjunctive Mood: Used to express doubt, wishes, or hypothetical scenarios.
- Spero che finisca presto. (I hope he/she finishes soon.)
Imperative Mood: Used to give commands or suggestions.
- Finisci i compiti! (Finish your homework!)
Idiomatic Expressions: Some common idiomatic expressions using “finire” include:
- Finire in bellezza (to end on a high note)
- Finire male (to end badly)

PARLARE

General Info

The verb “parlare” means “to talk” or “to speak” in Italian. It is a regular verb belonging to the first conjugation, ending in -are.

“Parlare” is used frequently in both everyday conversation and formal contexts.

Auxiliary

Translation

Conjugation

“Parlare” follows the regular conjugation pattern for -are verbs in the present tense:

Pronoun	Conjugation	Example Sentence
Io	parlo	(Io) parlo italiano.
Tu	parli	(Tu) parli inglese?
Lui/Lei	parla	(Lei) parla francese.
Noi	parliamo	(Noi) parliamo troppo.
Voi	parlate	(Voi) parlate bene il tedesco?
Loro	parlano	(Loro) parlano spesso.

Usage and Examples

Communicating in Languages: “Parlare” is used to indicate speaking a language.
- Parlo spagnolo. (I speak Spanish.)
Engaging in Conversation: It is used to talk about conversing or discussing with others.
- Parliamo di lavoro. (We are talking about work.)
Expressing Opinions or Thoughts: “Parlare” can be used to express what someone says or thinks.
- Lui parla sempre di politica. (He always talks about politics.)
Formal Speech or Public Speaking: Used for formal speech or addressing an audience.
- Il presidente parla alla nazione. (The president speaks to the nation.)
Negative Form: The negative form is created by placing “non” before the verb.
- Non parlo cinese. (I don’t speak Chinese.)

Example Sentences

Parlo con mia madre ogni giorno. (I talk to my mother every day.)
Tu parli troppo veloce. (You speak too fast.)
Lui parla sempre di calcio. (He always talks abo)ut soccer.)
Noi parliamo al telefono. (We are talking on the phone.)
Loro parlano durante la lezione. (They talk during the lesson.)

Past Participle

Tips for Using “Parlare”

Using “Parlare” with Prepositions: “Parlare” is often used with prepositions like “a” (to) and “di” (about).
- Parlare a (to talk to)
- Parlare di (to talk about)
Compound Tenses: “Parlare” uses the auxiliary verb “avere” in compound tenses.
- Passato Prossimo: Ho parlato (I spoke)
- Trapassato Prossimo: Avevo parlato (I had spoken)
- Futuro Anteriore: Avrò parlato (I will have spoken)
Reflexive Forms: While “parlare” itself is not reflexive, it can be part of reflexive constructions.
- Parlarsi (to talk to each other)
  - Ci siamo parlati ieri. (We talked to each other yesterday.)

Advanced Usage

Future Tense: Use the future tense to talk about speaking in the future.
- Parlerò con lui domani. (I will speak with him tomorrow.)
Conditional Form: Used for hypothetical situations or polite requests.
- Parleresti con il direttore? (Would you talk to the director?)
Subjunctive Mood: Used to express doubt, wishes, or hypothetical scenarios.
- Spero che tu parli con me. (I hope you talk with me.)
Imperative Mood: Used to give commands or suggestions.
- Parla più lentamente! (Speak more slowly!)
Idiomatic Expressions: “Parlare” is part of various idiomatic expressions.
- Parlare del più e del meno (to make small talk)
  - Abbiamo parlato del più e del meno. (We made small talk.)

PIACERE

General Info

The verb “piacere” means “to like” or “to be pleasing” in Italian. Unlike many other verbs, “piacere” functions differently in terms of its construction and agreement.

It is an irregular verb and commonly used in both spoken and written Italian to express likes and preferences.

Auxiliary

Translation

Conjugation

“Piacere” conjugates differently from standard verbs because it often agrees with the subject of what is liked, rather than the person who likes it. Here’s how it is conjugated in the present tense:

Pronoun	Conjugation	Example Sentence
Io	piaccio	(Io) piaccio a me stesso.
Tu	piaci	(Tu) piaci a tutti.
Lui/Lei	piace	Il gelato piace a lei.
Noi	piacciamo	(Noi) piacciamo ai nostri amici.
Voi	piacete	(Voi) piacete ai bambini.
Loro	piacciono	I film piacciono a loro.

Usage and Examples

Expressing Likes and Dislikes: “Piacere” is used to express what someone likes or enjoys.
- Mi piace la pizza. (I like pizza.)
Plural Subjects: When referring to multiple items, the verb agrees with the plural subject.
- Mi piacciono i libri. (I like books.)
Indirect Object Pronouns: The person who likes something is expressed using an indirect object pronoun (mi, ti, gli/le, ci, vi, loro).
- Ti piace il vino? (Do you like wine?)
- Gli piacciono gli sport. (He likes sports.)
Negative Form: The negative form is created by placing “non” before the verb.
- Non mi piace il pesce. (I don’t like fish.)
Past Tense: The past participle of “piacere” is “piaciuto” and it uses the auxiliary verb “essere,” agreeing in gender and number with the subject.
- Mi è piaciuta la festa. (I liked the party.)
- Mi sono piaciuti i regali. (I liked the presents.)

Example Sentences

Mi piace ascoltare la musica. (I like listening to music.)
Ti piacciono i fiori? (Do you like flowers?)
A lui piace viaggiare. (He likes to travel.)
Ci piacciono i gatti. (We like cats.)
Non le piace correre. (She doesn’t like running.)

Past Participle

Tips for Using “Piacere”

Word Order: In Italian, the thing that is liked (subject) comes before the person who likes it (indirect object pronoun).
- Mi piace il gelato (Ice cream pleases me)
- A Maria piace la musica (Music pleases Maria)
Indirect Object Pronouns: Familiarize yourself with indirect object pronouns to use “piacere” correctly.
- Mi (to me)
- Ti (to you)
- Gli (to him)
- Le (to her)
- Ci (to us)
- Vi (to you all)
- Loro (to them)

Compound Tenses: Remember that “piacere” uses “essere” as its auxiliary verb in compound tenses.
- Mi è piaciuto (I liked it – masculine singular)
- Mi è piaciuta (I liked it – feminine singular)
- Mi sono piaciuti (I liked them – masculine plural)
- Mi sono piaciute (I liked them – feminine plural)

Advanced Usage

Future Tense: Use the future tense to talk about what someone will like.
- Mi piacerà questo film.
  - I will like this movie.
Conditional Form: Used for hypothetical situations or polite requests.
- Ti piacerebbe andare al mare?
  - Would you like to go to the beach?
Subjunctive Mood: Used to express doubt, wishes, or hypothetical scenarios.
- Spero che ti piaccia.
  - I hope you like it.
Imperative Mood: Rarely used directly with “piacere,” but can appear in suggestions.
- Fa’ in modo che ti piaccia.
  - Make sure you like it.

POTERE

General Info

The verb “potere” means “to be able to” or “can” in Italian. It is an irregular verb, meaning its conjugation deviates from the standard patterns. It is part of the modal/servile verbs.

When it is an independent verb, it is conjugated with the auxiliary “AVERE.” When it is a servile/modal verb, it takes the auxiliary of the following verb.

Auxilary

Translation

Conjugation

“Potere” is an irregular verb, so its conjugation does not follow a standard pattern. Here’s how it is conjugated in the present tense:

Pronoun	Conjugation	Example Sentence
Io	posso	Io posso aiutarti con i compiti.
Tu	puoi	Puoi venire alla festa?
Lui/Lei	può	Lei può parlare inglese molto bene.
Noi	possiamo	Noi possiamo andare al cinema stasera.
Voi	potete	Voi potete giocare a calcio nel parco.
Loro	possono	Loro possono visitare il museo domani.

Usage and Examples

Expressing Ability or Capability: “Potere” is used to indicate the ability or capability to do something.
- Posso nuotare molto bene.
  - I can swim very well.
Permission: It is used to ask for or give permission.
- Posso uscire stasera?
  - Can I go out tonight?
Possibility: “Potere” is used to express possibility or potential.
- Può darsi che piova domani.
  - It might rain tomorrow.
Requests and Offers: It is commonly used in making polite requests or offers.
- Puoi passarmi il sale, per favore?
  - Can you pass me the salt, please?
Negative Form: The negative form is created by placing “non” before the verb.
- Non posso venire alla riunione.
  - I cannot come to the meeting.

Example Sentences

Puoi aiutarmi con la spesa?
- Can you help me with the shopping?
Possono venire anche loro?
- Can they come too?
Non posso parlare adesso, sono occupato.
- I can’t talk right now, I’m busy.
Possiamo visitare il museo questo weekend.
- We can visit the museum this weekend.
Spero che tu possa partecipare alla riunione.
- I hope you can attend the meeting.

Past Participle

Tips for Using “Potere”

Using “Potere” with Infinitives: “Potere” is often used with an infinitive verb to indicate what someone can or cannot do.
- Posso andare (I can go)
- Non posso fare (I cannot do)
Compound Tenses: “Potere” uses the auxiliary verb “avere” in compound tenses.
- Passato Prossimo: Ho potuto (I could/have been able to)
- Trapassato Prossimo: Avevo potuto (I had been able to)
- Futuro Anteriore: Avrò potuto (I will have been able to)
Impersonal Form: “Potere” can be used impersonally to express general possibilities or permissions.
- Si può entrare. (One can enter.)

Advanced Usage

Future Tense: Use the future tense to talk about future abilities or possibilities.
- Potrò venire alla festa più tardi. (I will be able to come to the party later).
Conditional Form: Used for hypothetical situations or polite requests.
- Potresti aiutarmi con questo problema? (Could you help me with this problem?)
Subjunctive Mood: Used to express doubt, wishes, or hypothetical scenarios.
- Spero che tu possa venire. (I hope you can come.)
Imperative Mood: Although “potere” itself isn’t used in the imperative, it often appears in commands and suggestions.
- Puoi fare attenzione? (Can you pay attention?)
Idiomatic Expressions: Some common idiomatic expressions using “potere” include:
- Potere assoluto (absolute power)
- Potere decisionale (decision-making power)

PRENDERE

General Info

The verb “prendere” means “to take” in Italian. It is a versatile and commonly used verb that belongs to the second conjugation, ending in -ere.

“Prendere” is an irregular verb, and its various forms and uses are essential for daily communication.

Auxiliary

Translation

Conjugation

“Prendere” follows the irregular conjugation pattern for -ere verbs in the present tense:

Pronoun	Conjugation	Example Sentence
Io	prendo	(Io) prendo un caffè.
Tu	prendi	(Tu) prendi il treno?
Lui/Lei	prende	(Lei) prende la medicina.
Noi	prendiamo	(Noi) prendiamo le decisioni insieme.
Voi	prendete	(Voi) prendete il taxi?
Loro	prendono	(Loro) prendono le valigie.

Usage and Examples

Taking or Grabbing Something: “Prendere” is used to describe taking or grabbing an object.
- Prendo un libro dalla libreria. (I take a book from the bookshelf.)
Transportation: It is used to indicate taking a form of transportation.
- Prendiamo l’autobus ogni mattina. (We take the bus every morning.)
Consuming Food or Drink: “Prendere” is often used to describe ordering or consuming food and drinks.
- Prendiamo una pizza per cena. (Let’s have a pizza for dinner.)
Making Decisions or Actions: It can be used to talk about making decisions or taking action.
- Devo prendere una decisione importante. (I have to make an important decision.)
Weather Expressions: Used in expressions related to weather.
- Ho preso freddo ieri sera. (I caught a cold last night.)

Example Sentences

Prendo il treno delle otto. (I take the eight o’clock train).
Tu prendi sempre le stesse cose da mangiare. (You always take the same things to eat.)
Lui prende lezioni di piano. (He takes piano lessons.)
Prendiamo un caffè insieme? (Shall we have a coffee together?)
Loro prendono le loro biciclette ogni domenica. (They take their bikes every Sunday.)

Past Participle

Tips for Using “Prendere”

Compound Tenses: “Prendere” uses the auxiliary verb “avere” in compound tenses.
- Passato Prossimo: Ho preso (I took)
- Trapassato Prossimo: Avevo preso (I had taken)
- Futuro Anteriore: Avrò preso (I will have taken)
Reflexive Forms: “Prendere” can be part of reflexive constructions.
- Prendersi (to take for oneself)
  - Mi prendo una pausa. (I take a break.)
Idiomatic Expressions: “Prendere” appears in many idiomatic expressions.
- Prendere il sole (to sunbathe)
  - Domani prendiamo il sole in spiaggia. (Tomorrow we’ll sunbathe on the beach.)
  - Prendere in giro (to make fun of)
    - Non prenderlo in giro! (Don’t make fun of him!)

Advanced Usage

Future Tense: Use the future tense to talk about what someone will take.
- Prenderò un taxi. (I will take a taxi.)
Conditional Form: Used for hypothetical situations or polite requests.
- Prenderesti un caffè con me? (Would you have a coffee with me?)
Subjunctive Mood: Used to express doubt, wishes, or hypothetical scenarios.
- Spero che tu prenda la decisione giusta. (I hope you make the right decision.)
Imperative Mood: Used to give commands or suggestions.
- Prendi questa medicina! (Take this medicine!)

SAPERE

General Info

The verb “sapere” means “to know” in Italian. It is an irregular verb, and its uses include knowing facts, information, or how to do something.

Auxiliary

Translation

Conjugation

“Sapere” is an irregular verb, so its conjugation does not follow a standard pattern. Here’s how it is conjugated in the present tense:

Pronoun	Conjugation	Example Sentence
Io	so	(Io) so la risposta.
Tu	sai	(Tu) sai guidare?
Lui/Lei	sa	(Lei) sa parlare tre lingue.
Noi	sappiamo	(Noi) sappiamo dove si trova il museo.
Voi	sapete	(Voi) sapete quando arriva il treno?
Loro	sanno	(Loro) sanno la verità.

Past Participle

Usage and Examples

Knowing Facts or Information: “Sapere” is used to indicate knowing facts or pieces of information.
- So che oggi è il tuo compleanno. (I know that today is your birthday.)
Knowing How to Do Something: Used to express knowledge of skills or abilities.
- Sai suonare il pianoforte? (Do you know how to play the piano?)
Asking for Information: It is often used in questions to ask for information.
- Sai dov’è la stazione? (Do you know where the station is?)
Negative Form: The negative form is created by placing “non” before the verb.
- Non so cosa dire. (I don’t know what to say.)
Expressions of Ignorance: Used to express not knowing something.
- Non sappiamo nulla di questo progetto. (We don’t know anything about this project.)

Example Sentences

Sai che ore sono? (Do you know what time it is?)
So cucinare molto bene. (I know how to cook very well.)
Loro sanno tutto di quella storia. (They know everything about that story.)
Non so dove ho messo le chiavi. (I don’t know where I put the keys.)
Sappiamo che il film inizia alle otto. (We know that the movie starts at eight.)

Tips for Using “Sapere”

Using “Sapere” with Interrogative Words: “Sapere” is often used with interrogative words like “chi” (who), “cosa” (what), “dove” (where), “quando” (when), “perché” (why), and “come” (how).
- Sai come si fa? (Do you know how to do it?)
Compound Tenses: “Sapere” uses the auxiliary verb “avere” in compound tenses.
- Passato Prossimo: Ho saputo (I knew/found out)
- Trapassato Prossimo: Avevo saputo (I had known)
- Futuro Anteriore: Avrò saputo (I will have known)
Expressions with “Sapere”: There are several idiomatic expressions involving “sapere.”
- Sapere a memoria (to know by heart)
- Far sapere (to let someone know)

Advanced Usage

Future Tense: Use the future tense to talk about knowing something in the future.
- Sapremo la verità presto. (We will know the truth soon.)
Conditional Form: Used for hypothetical situations or polite requests.
- Sapresti aiutarmi con questo problema? (Would you know how to help me with this problem?)
Subjunctive Mood: Used to express doubt, wishes, or hypothetical scenarios.
- Spero che tu sappia la risposta. (I hope you know the answer.)
Imperative Mood: Although “sapere” itself isn’t used in the imperative, it often appears in commands and suggestions in different forms.
- Fammi sapere se puoi venire. (Let me know if you can come.)

SENTIRE

General Info

The verb “sentire” means “to hear,” “to feel,” or “to smell” in Italian. It is a versatile verb belonging to the third conjugation, ending in -ire.

“Sentire” is commonly used in various contexts to describe sensory experiences and emotional states.

Auxiliary

Translation

Conjugation

“Sentire” follows the regular conjugation pattern for -ire verbs in the present tense:

Pronoun	Conjugation	Example Sentence
Io	sento	(Io) sento la musica.
Tu	senti	(Tu) senti freddo?
Lui/Lei	sente	(Lei) sente un odore strano.
Noi	sentiamo	(Noi) sentiamo un rumore.
Voi	sentite	(Voi) sentite il profumo dei fiori?
Loro	sentono	(Loro) sentono la mancanza di casa.

Past Participle

Usage and Examples

Hearing: “Sentire” is often used to describe the act of hearing sounds.
- Sento qualcuno che parla (I hear someone talking.)
Feeling: It can describe physical sensations, such as feeling temperature or pain.
- Sento caldo. (I feel hot.)
Smelling: “Sentire” is used to describe the sense of smell.
- Sento l’odore del pane appena sfornato. (I smell the freshly baked bread.)
Emotional States: It can express feelings and emotions.
- Mi sento felice. (I feel happy.)
Asking for Opinions or News: It can be used to inquire about someone’s opinion or news.
- Hai sentito le notizie? (Have you heard the news?)

Example Sentences

Sento una voce familiare. (I hear a familiar voice.)
Tu senti spesso la musica classica? (Do you often listen to classical music?)
Lei sente il profumo delle rose. (She smells the fragrance of roses.)
Noi sentiamo la mancanza di Marco. (We miss Marco.)
Loro sentono il freddo in inverno. (They feel the cold in winter.)

Tips for Using “Sentire”

Compound Tenses: “Sentire” uses the auxiliary verb “avere” in compound tenses.
- Passato Prossimo: Ho sentito (I heard)
- Trapassato Prossimo: Avevo sentito (I had heard)
- Futuro Anteriore: Avrò sentito (I will have heard)
Reflexive Form: “Sentire” can be used reflexively to describe how one feels.
- Sentirsi (to feel oneself)
  - Mi sento bene. (I feel well.)
Idiomatic Expressions: “Sentire” appears in many idiomatic expressions.
- Far sentire la propria voce (to make one’s voice heard)
  - È importante far sentire la propria voce. (It’s important to make your voice heard.)

Advanced Usage

Future Tense: Use the future tense to talk about what someone will hear, feel, or smell.
- Sentirò la tua mancanza. (I will miss you.)
Conditional Form: Used for hypothetical situations or polite requests.
- Sentiresti questa canzone? (Would you listen to this song?)
Subjunctive Mood: Used to express doubt, wishes, or hypothetical scenarios.
- Spero che tu senta meglio domani. (I hope you feel better tomorrow.)
Imperative Mood: Used to give commands or suggestions.
- Senti questo! (Listen to this!)

STARE

General Info

The verb “stare” is an essential Italian verb that primarily means “to stay,” “to be,” or “to remain.” It is an irregular verb and is used in various contexts, from describing physical states to forming certain grammatical constructions.

Auxiliary

Translation

Conjugation

Pronoun	Conjugation	Example Sentence
Io	sto	(Io) sto bene.
Tu	stai	(Tu stai qui?
Lui/Lei	sta	(Lui) sta a casa oggi.
Noi	stiamo	(Noi) stiamo insieme.
Voi	state	(Voi) state studiando?
Loro	stanno	(Loro) stanno male

Past Participle

Usage and Examples

Physical Location or Condition: “Stare” is used to indicate where someone is staying or their physical condition.
- Sto a casa oggi. (I am staying at home today.
- Come stai? (How are you?)
Health and Well-being: Commonly used to inquire about or describe someone’s health.
- Sto bene, grazie. (I am well, thank you.)
Position or Posture: Used to describe someone’s physical position.
- Sta in piedi tutto il giorno. (He stands all day.)
Progressive Tense: “Stare” is used with the gerund to form the Italian equivalent of the present continuous tense.
- Sto leggendo un libro. (I am reading a book.)
Idiomatic Expressions: “Stare” is part of many idiomatic expressions.
- Stare attento (to pay attention)
  - Devi stare attento in classe. (You need to pay attention in class.)
  - Stare bene/male (to be well/unwell)
    - Stanno male. (They are unwell.)

Example Sentences

Sto studiando per l’esame. (I am studying for the exam.)
Stai sempre a casa durante il weekend? (Do you always stay at home during the weekend?)
Lei sta parlando con il professore. (She is talking to the professor.)
Noi stiamo per partire. (We are about to leave.)
Loro stanno lavorando duramente. (They are working hard.)

Tips for Using “STARE”

Advanced Usage

Future Tense: Use the future tense to talk about where someone will be staying or how they will be feeling.
- Starò in Italia per due settimane. (I will stay in Italy for two weeks.)
Conditional Form: Used for hypothetical situations or polite requests.
- Staresti meglio con più riposo. (You would feel better with more rest.)
Subjunctive Mood: Used to express doubt, wishes, or hypothetical scenarios.
- Spero che tu stia bene. (I hope you are well.)
Imperative Mood: Used to give commands or suggestions.
- Sta’ tranquillo! (Stay calm!)

USCIRE

General Info

The verb “uscire” means “to go out” or “to exit” in Italian. It is an irregular verb, meaning its conjugation deviates from the standard patterns.

Auxiliary

Translation

Conjugation

“Uscire” is an irregular verb, so its conjugation does not follow a standard pattern. Here’s how it is conjugated in the present tense:

Pronoun	Conjugation	Example Sentence
Io	esco	(Io) esco con gli amici il sabato sera.
Tu	esci	(Tu) esci di casa presto ogni giorno?
Lui/Lei	esce	(Lei) esce dal lavoro alle sei.
Noi	usciamo	(Noi) usciamo insieme dopo cena.
Voi	uscite	(Voi) uscite spesso?
Loro	escono	(Loro) escono per una passeggiata ogni sera.

Past Participle

Usage and Examples

Leaving a Place: “Uscire” is used to indicate leaving or exiting a place.
- Esco di casa alle otto. (I leave the house at eight.)
Going Out Socially: It is commonly used to describe going out for social activities.
- Usciamo a cena stasera? (Are we going out for dinner tonight?)
Going Out with Someone: Used to express going out with someone.
- Esci con noi domani? (Are you going out with us tomorrow?)
Taking a Walk or Drive: It can be used to describe going out for a walk or drive.
- Escono per una passeggiata ogni sera. (They go out for a walk every evening.)
Negative Form: The negative form is created by placing “non” before the verb.
- Non esco stasera. (I’m not going out tonight.)

Example Sentences

Esco con gli amici ogni sabato sera. (I go out with friends every Saturday evening.)
Tu esci presto per andare a lavorare? (Do you leave early to go to work?)
Lei esce di casa alle sette del mattino. (She leaves the house at seven in the morning.)
Noi usciamo a fare una passeggiata dopo cena. (We go out for a walk after dinner.)
Non escono molto spesso durante la settimana. (They don’t go out very often during the week.)

Tips for Using “Uscire”

Using “Uscire” with Prepositions: “Uscire” is often used with prepositions like “di” (from) and “con” (with).
- Uscire di casa (to leave the house)
- Uscire con gli amici (to go out with friends)
Compound Tenses: “Uscire” uses the auxiliary verb “essere” in compound tenses.
- Passato Prossimo: Sono uscito/a (I went out)
- Trapassato Prossimo: Ero uscito/a (I had gone out)
- Futuro Anteriore: Sarò uscito/a (I will have gone out)
Idiomatic Expressions: “Uscire” is part of several idiomatic expressions.
- Uscire di testa (to go crazy)
- Uscire di scena (to leave the scene)

Advanced Usage

Future Tense: Use the future tense to talk about going out in the future.
- Uscirò con i colleghi domani. (I will go out with my colleagues tomorrow.)
Conditional Form: Used for hypothetical situations or polite requests.
- Usciresti con me questa sera? (Would you go out with me tonight?)
Subjunctive Mood: Used to express doubt, wishes, or hypothetical scenarios.
- Spero che esca stasera. (I hope he/she goes out tonight.)
Imperative Mood: Used to give commands or suggestions.
- Esci subito! (Go out immediately!)
Reflexive Form: While “uscire” is not commonly reflexive, it can be used in reflexive expressions for emphasis.
- Mi esco a fare una passeggiata. (I’m going out for a walk.)

VEDERE

General Info

The verb “vedere” means “to see” in Italian. It is a commonly used verb that belongs to the second conjugation, ending in -ere.

“Vedere” is an irregular verb, and it is essential for expressing visual perception, making plans, and understanding.

Auxiliary

Translation

Conjugation

“Vedere” is an irregular verb, and its present tense conjugation is as follows:

Pronoun	Conjugation	Example Sentence
Io	vedo	(Io) vedo un film.
Tu	vedi	(Tu) vedi il sole?
Lui/Lei	vede	(Lui) vede bene.
Noi	vediamo	(Noi) vediamo i nostri amici.
Voi	vedete	(Voi) vedete la montagna?
Loro	vedono	(Loro) vedono le stelle.

Past Participle

Usage and Examples

Visual Perception: “Vedere” is used to describe the act of seeing or noticing something with one’s eyes.
- Vedo una barca in lontananza. (I see a boat in the distance.)
Meeting People: It is used to indicate meeting or visiting someone.
- Vediamo i nostri genitori ogni domenica. (We see our parents every Sunday.)
Understanding or Realizing: “Vedere” can also mean to understand or realize something.
- Ora vedo cosa intendi. (Now I see what you mean.)
Checking or Looking Over: It can be used when talking about checking or reviewing something.
- Devo vedere i documenti prima di firmare. (I need to see the documents before signing.)
Future Plans: It can indicate planning or intending to do something.
- Vedremo un film stasera. (We will watch a movie tonight.)

Example Sentences

Vedo le montagne dalla mia finestra. (I see the mountains from my window.)
Tu vedi bene senza occhiali? (Do you see well without glasses?)
Lei vede sempre il lato positivo delle cose. (She always sees the positive side of things.)
Vediamo cosa succede domani. (Let’s see what happens tomorrow.)
Loro vedono i loro amici ogni fine settimana. (They see their friends every weekend.)

Tips for Using “Vedere”

Compound Tenses: “Vedere” uses the auxiliary verb “avere” in compound tenses.
- Passato Prossimo: Ho visto (I saw)
- Trapassato Prossimo: Avevo visto (I had seen)
- Futuro Anteriore: Avrò visto (I will have seen)
Past Participle: The past participle of “vedere” is “visto,” and it is used frequently in compound tenses.
- Ho visto quel film ieri. (I saw that movie yesterday.)
Idiomatic Expressions: “Vedere” appears in various idiomatic expressions.
- Vedere di buon occhio (to look favorably upon)
  - Il capo vede di buon occhio il tuo progetto. (The boss looks favorably upon your project.)
Polite Requests and Suggestions: Use “vedere” to make polite requests or suggestions.
- Puoi vedere se ci sono posti liberi? (Can you see if there are any free seats?)

Advanced Usage

Future Tense: Use the future tense to talk about what someone will see or experience.
- Vedrò il dottore domani. (I will see the doctor tomorrow.)
Conditional Form: Used for hypothetical situations or polite requests.
- Vedresti quel film con me? (Would you watch that movie with me?)
Subjunctive Mood: Used to express doubt, wishes, or hypothetical scenarios.
- Spero che tu veda la verità. (I hope you see the truth.)
Imperative Mood: Used to give commands or suggestions.
- Vedi tu cosa fare. (You decide what to do.)

VENIRE

General Info

The verb “venire” means “to come” in Italian.

It is an irregular verb, meaning its conjugation deviates from the standard patterns.

Auxiliary

Translation

Conjugation

“Venire” is an irregular verb, so its conjugation does not follow a standard pattern. Here’s how it is conjugated in the present tense:

Pronoun	Conjugation	Example Sentence
Io	vengo	(Io) vengo a casa tua stasera.
Tu	vieni	(Tu) vieni con noi al cinema?
Lui/Lei	viene	(Lui) viene spesso in ufficio.
Noi	veniamo	(Noi) veniamo dalla stazione.
Voi	venite	(Voi) venite alla festa domani?
Loro	vengono	(Loro) vengono da lontano.

Past Participle

Usage and Examples

Movement Towards the Speaker: “Venire” is used to indicate movement towards the speaker or the location of the speaker.
- Vieni qui, per favore. (Come here, please.)
Coming from a Place: It can also describe coming from a place.
- Vengo dalla scuola. (I am coming from school.)
Joining or Attending: Used to describe joining or attending an event or gathering.
- Veniamo alla riunione domani. (We are coming to the meeting tomorrow.)
Expressions and Idioms: “Venire” is part of various idiomatic expressions.
- Venire in mente (to come to mind)
  - Mi viene in mente un’idea. (An idea comes to mind.)
Negative Form: The negative form is created by placing “non” before the verb.
- Non vengo oggi. (I am not coming today.)

Example Sentences

Vengo a trovarti domani. (I am coming to visit you tomorrow.
Tu vieni spesso in )questo ristorante? (Do you come to this restaurant often?)
Lei viene dalla Spagna. (She comes from Spain.)
Noi veniamo con te al concerto. (We are coming with you to the concert.)
Loro vengono a cena stasera. (They are coming to dinner tonight.)

Tips for Using “Venire”

Using “Venire” with Prepositions: “Venire” is often used with prepositions like “da” (from) and “a” (to).
- Venire da (to come from)
- Venire a (to come to)
Compound Tenses: “Venire” uses the auxiliary verb “essere” in compound tenses.
- Passato Prossimo: Sono venuto/a (I came)
- Trapassato Prossimo: Ero venuto/a (I had come)
- Futuro Anteriore: Sarò venuto/a (I will have come)
Reflexive and Passive Forms: “Venire” can be used in reflexive and passive constructions.
- La porta viene aperta.
  - The door is being opened.

Advanced Usage

Future Tense: Use the future tense to talk about coming in the future.
- Verrò alla festa.
  - I will come to the party.
Conditional Form: Used for hypothetical situations or polite requests.
- Verresti con me?
  - Would you come with me?
Subjunctive Mood: Used to express doubt, wishes, or hypothetical scenarios.
- Spero che venga presto.
  - I hope he/she comes soon.
Imperative Mood: Used to give commands or suggestions.
- Vieni subito!
  - Come immediately!

VOLERE

General Info

The verb “volere” means “to want” in Italian. It is an irregular verb, meaning its conjugation deviates from the standard patterns. It’ s a modal /servile verb.

When it is an independent verb, it is conjugated with the auxiliary “have.” When it is a servile/modal verb, it takes the auxiliary of the following verb.

Auxiliary

Translation

Conjugation

“Volere” is an irregular verb, so its conjugation does not follow a standard pattern. Here’s how it is conjugated in the present tense:

Pronoun	Conjugation	Example Sentence
Io	voglio	(Io) voglio un gelato.
Tu	vuoi	(Tu) vuoi andare al cinema?
Lui/Lei	vuole	(Lei) vuole una nuova macchina.
Noi	vogliamo	(Noi vogliamo visitare Roma.
Voi	volete	(Voi) volete partecipare alla festa?
Loro	vogliono	(Loro) vogliono più tempo per studiare.

Past Participle

Usage and Examples

Expressing Desires or Wishes: “Volere” is used to express wants, desires, or wishes.
- Voglio imparare l’italiano. (I want to learn Italian.)
Making Requests: It can be used to make polite requests or offers.
- Vuoi un caffè? (Do you want a coffee?)
Future Intentions: “Volere” can indicate future intentions or plans.
- Vogliamo viaggiare l’anno prossimo. (We want to travel next year.)
Negative Form: The negative form is created by placing “non” before the verb.
- Non voglio andare. (I don’t want to go.)
Idiomatic Expressions: “Volere” is part of various idiomatic expressions.
- Volere bene (to love, to care for)
  - Ti voglio bene. (I care about you / I love you) – non-romantic.

Example Sentences

Voglio andare al mare. (I want to go to the sea.)
Tu vuoi studiare all’estero? (Do you want to study abroad?)
Lei vuole comprare una casa nuova. (She wants to buy a new house.
Noi vogliamo fare una passeggiata. (We want to take a walk.)
Loro vogliono vedere il film stasera. (They want to watch the movie tonight.)

Tips for Using “Volere”

Using “Volere” with Infinitives: “Volere” is often used with an infinitive verb to indicate what someone wants to do.
- Voglio mangiare (I want to eat)
- Vuoi vedere (You want to see)
Compound Tenses: “Volere” uses the auxiliary verb “avere” in compound tenses.
- Passato Prossimo: Ho voluto (I wanted)
- Trapassato Prossimo: Avevo voluto (I had wanted)
- Futuro Anteriore: Avrò voluto (I will have wanted)
Subjunctive Mood: Used to express doubt, wishes, or hypothetical scenarios.
- Che tu voglia o no. (Whether you want to or not.)

Advanced Usage

Future Tense: Use the future tense to talk about what someone will want.
- Vorrò parlare con te domani. (I will want to talk with you tomorrow.)
Conditional Form: Used for hypothetical situations or polite requests.
- Vorresti venire con noi?( Would you like to come with us?)
Imperative Mood: Although “volere” itself isn’t used in the imperative, it can appear in commands or suggestions in various forms.
- Fai quello che vuoi. (Do what you want.)
Idiomatic and Reflexive Forms: “Volere” can be part of idiomatic expressions or reflexive constructions for emphasis.
- Ciò che voglio dire (What I mean to say)
- Si vuole bene (They care for each other)

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2 Responses

T Shirts Summerland

August 12, 2015 | Reply

Terrific work! This is the kind of information that should be shared around the internet.
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Come on over and discuss with my site . Thank you =)
- Anna Italian Teacher
  
  August 12, 2015 | Reply
  
  Thanks a lot for your appreciation

ABITARE

ANDARE

APRIRE

AVERE

CAPIRE

CERCARE

CHIEDERE

DARE

DIRE

DOVERE

ESSERE

FARE

FINIRE

PARLARE

PIACERE

POTERE

PRENDERE

SAPERE

SENTIRE

STARE

USCIRE

VEDERE

VENIRE

VOLERE

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